面向医院在线信息服务的用户利用行为及影响因素研究——以河北省为例

[目的/意义]随着数字时代发展,许多传统医疗机构打造了一系列以患者为中心的线上用户服务项目,但其实际被利用情况、效果以及影响因素还有待进一步考证。[方法/过程]本研究以河北省10家三甲医院为例,调查医院提供的在线服务渠道、类型及具体内容,并进一步探究有医疗需求的患者及家属利用医院在线服务的影响因素。[结果/结论]研究发现,当前医院在线服务主要通过官方网站、微信公众号、微信小程序、支付宝生活号等4类渠道,提供智能分诊、线上线下问诊、个人线上健康管理、缴费管理、疫情应对等17项主要服务内容。用户的年龄、教育程度,以及感知平台服务效用、信息效用、努力期望、社会影响、感知风险等因素,对用户利用医院在线服务有多维度影响。     

An assessment of subsoil organic carbon stocks in England and Wales

It is estimated that half the soil carbon globally is in the subsoil, but data are scarce. We updated estimates of subsoil organic carbon (OC) in England and Wales made by Bradley et al. (2005) using soil and land‐use databases and compared the results with other published data. We estimated that the soils of England and Wales contained 1633, 1143 and 506 Tg of OC at 0–30, 30–100 and 100–150 cm depths, respectively. Thus, half of the soil OC was found below 30 cm depth. Peat soils accounted for the largest proportion, containing 44% of all the OC below 30 cm despite their small areal extent, followed by brown soils, surface‐water gley soils, ground‐water gley soils and podzolic soils. Peat soils had more than 25% of their profile OC per unit area in the 100–150 cm depth, whereas most other soils had <8% at this depth. The differences between soil types were consistent with differences in soil formation processes. Differences in depth distributions between land uses were small, but subsoil OC stocks in cultivated soils were generally smaller than in soils under grassland or other land uses. Data on subsoil OC stocks in the literature were scarce, but what there was broadly agreed with the findings of the above database exercise. There was little evidence by which to assess how subsoil OC stocks were changing over time.     

一种汽车车内一氧化碳监控系统

汽车车内由于CO导致的意外安全事故常常被忽略。汽车发动机和空调在运行过程中产生的CO进入车内,极易被忽视而诱发中毒的事故。利用单片机传感器技术设计一种汽车车内CO浓度监控系统,当车内CO浓度达到200 ppm时系统发出第一次报警,当车内CO浓度达到300 ppm,系统发出第二次报警提示,并开启天窗通风,保证车内人员安全。     

基坑监测技术及其应用研究

基坑的有效监测是保证工程建设协调进行、确保工程质量的关键。介绍基坑监测技术的内容与方法,以实例说明基坑监测在工程项目中的应用及需要注意的问题,为基坑监测工作的不断完善提供有益的建议。     

中美动物源微生物耐药性监测对比研究

抗微生物药物在保障动物健康和食品安全方面发挥了重要作用,为了应对日益严峻的微生物耐药性问题,动物源微生物耐药性监测是应对微生物耐药性风险的重要防控策略。在“同一健康体系”工作框架下,中国和美国积极进行动物源微生物耐药性监测。本文通过对比研究中美动物源微生物耐药性系统的监测设计、监测对象和监测数据应用情况,结合我国畜牧兽医行业现状,立足我国动物源微生物耐药性监测客观需求,旨在为我国动物源微生物耐药性监测工作提供参考。     

Association between porpoise presence and fish choruses: implications for feeding strategies and ecosystem-based conservation of the East Asian finless porpoise

The associations between feeding activities and environmental variables inform animal feeding tactics that maximize energetic gains by minimizing energy costs while maximizing feeding success. Relevant studies in aquatic animals, particularly marine mammals, are scarce due to difficulties in the observation of feeding behaviors in aquatic environments. This data scarcity concurrently hinders ecosystem-based fishery management in the context of small toothed-cetacean conservation. In the present study, a passive acoustic monitoring station was deployed in an East Asian finless porpoise habitat in Laizhou Bay to investigate potential relationships between East Asian finless porpoises and their prey. The data revealed that porpoises were acoustically present nearly every day during the survey period. Porpoise detection rates differed between spring and autumn in concert with activities of fish choruses. During spring, fish choruses were present throughout the afternoon, and this was the time when porpoise vocalizations were the most frequently detected. During autumn, when fish choruses were absent, porpoise detection rates decreased, and diurnal patterns were not detected. The close association between fish choruses and finless porpoise activities implies an “eavesdropping” feeding strategy to maximize energetic gains, similar to other toothed cetaceans that are known to engage similar feeding strategies. Underwater noise pollution, particularly those masking fish choruses, could interrupt finless porpoises’ feeding success. Fisheries competing soniferous fishes with finless porpoise could impact finless porpoise viability through ecosystem disruption, in addition to fishing gear entanglement.     

蒜和葱上二斑叶螨的发生为害及其抗药性监测

二斑叶螨寄主植物范围极广, 但其对百合科蔬菜造成危害的研究报道极少?本研究采集了来自北京海淀百合科蔬菜蒜和葱上的2个二斑叶螨种群, 生物测定结果显示, 2个种群对阿维菌素呈现出极高水平抗性, 对哒螨灵为中等以上抗性(LC50>5 000 mg/L), 对新型药剂联苯肼酯?虫螨腈和腈吡螨酯也表现出中等到高水平抗性?抗性基因突变频率检测发现, 与阿维菌素抗性相关基因G314D和G326E位点以及和哒螨灵抗性相关基因H92R位点的突变频率均高达100%, 为纯合抗性种群?因此, 本研究所测试的2个二斑叶螨种群对阿维菌素和哒螨灵单剂的敏感性极低, 需慎重选用这2种药剂, 而3种新型杀螨剂联苯肼酯?虫螨腈和腈吡螨酯在田间需轮换使用?     

Meat Juice Serology and Improved Food Chain Information as Control Tools for Pork‐Related Public Health Hazards

The seroprevalence of Salmonella spp., pathogenic Yersinia spp., Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella spp. was studied in 1353 finishing pigs from 259 farms that were allocated according to farm types: large fattening farms (≥1000 pig places), small fattening farms (< 1000 pig places) and farrow‐to‐finish farms. The antibodies were analysed with commercial ELISA kits in meat juice samples that were collected at Finnish slaughterhouses. Salmonella antibodies were rare (3% of pigs, 14% of farms) when the cut‐off optical density (OD) value 0.2 was used. Antibodies to pathogenic Yersinia spp. and T. gondii were detected in 57% of pigs and 85% of farms (OD ≥0.3) and in 3% of pigs and 9% of farms (OD ≥0.15), respectively. No antibodies to Trichinella spp. were detected (OD ≥0.3). The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) considers Salmonella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, T. gondii and Trichinella spp. as the most relevant biological hazards in the context of meat inspection of pigs. The seroprevalence of these important zoonotic pathogens was low in Finland, except that of Yersinia. The seroprevalence of Toxoplasma was significantly higher in pigs originating from small‐scale fattening farms (P < 0.05). Strong positive correlation was observed at the animal level between Salmonella and Yersinia seropositivity and between Salmonella and Toxoplasma seropositivity (P < 0.05). We suggest that these results reflect the level and importance of biosecurity measures applied on the farms. Meat juice serology at slaughter is a useful tool for targeting measures to control these pathogens. The information obtained from analyses should be used as part of the food chain information (FCI).     

电力负荷管理系统反窃电措施

在电力负荷管理系统中,使用反窃电监测仪,对计量回路电压,电流等实施监控主站集中监视和巡检反映窃电的方法,及时捕获窃电和提高反窃电速度。